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  • Influence of Fuel Hydrogen Content and Atomisation Quality on Ultrafine Non-volatile Particulate Matter Emissions in RQL Gas Turbine Technology

    J. Harper, E. Durand, M. Johnson, A. Crayford

    Chapter from the book: Spezi E. & Bray M. 2024. Proceedings of the Cardiff University Engineering Research Conference 2023.

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    Aircraft engines are a source of harmful non-volatile Particulate Matter (nvPM) emissions, negatively affecting human health and the global environment. To mitigate this, new sources of fuel are being assessed for the commercial aviation sector. Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) show significant promise as replacements to conventional aviation fuels, with the potential to reduce lifecycle CO2 and nvPM emissions because of lower aromatic contents and higher hydrogen content. Towards better understanding of the nvPM emissions from aircraft combustors operating with SAF, this work outlines results from the RAPTOR experimental test campaigns performed at Cardiff University’s Gas Turbine Research Centre (GTRC). Several aviation fuels of varying physiochemical properties were burned in a non-proprietary Rich- Quench-Lean (RQL) combustor rig. The nvPM emissions were measured using the European nvPM reference system, with data corrected for particle loss in the sampling and measurement system using additional particle size measurement. nvPM emission reductions were achieved for fuels of higher hydrogen content, and system loss correction was required to accurately quantify those reductions. Additionally, independent control of the air supply to the combustor rig allowed the impact of fuel spray quality to be decoupled from AFR, demonstrating that small improvements in spray droplet atomisation predicted from benchmarking fuel spray experiments (~5% reduction in SMD) consistently yielded significant reductions in nvPM emissions, ranging from 5-72% for nvPM EImass, 11-89% for nvPM EInumber, and 1-7% for GMD.

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    Harper, J et al. 2024. Influence of Fuel Hydrogen Content and Atomisation Quality on Ultrafine Non-volatile Particulate Matter Emissions in RQL Gas Turbine Technology. In: Spezi E. & Bray M (eds.), Proceedings of the Cardiff University Engineering Research Conference 2023. Cardiff: Cardiff University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18573/conf1.ak
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    Published on May 1, 2024

    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.18573/conf1.ak